Thursday, May 29, 2025

比亚迪在中国东部最大经销商倒闭

中国车企还不够卷,比亚迪就是证明 

 比亚迪在中国东部最大经销商倒闭

路透社29日发自上海的报道,中国电动汽车制造商比亚迪在东部省份山东的一家大型汽车经销商已停业,其至少 20 家门店被发现空置或关闭。

比亚迪山东经销商集团资金链断裂,官方回应:否认政策调整,善后处理中-信息流-小熊财经该消息引述济南时报周三的报道称,经营比亚迪门店的济南乾城汽车贸易有限公司陷入困境,影响了 1,000 多名消费者,他们仍未获得保修和售后服务。

据该报走访发现,受影响门店分布在济南、潍坊等四个城市。此外,车主们正在组织维权团体寻求解决方案。

该报称,乾城汽车曾拥有年营业额30亿元人民币(4.1671亿美元)和1200名员工,该公司于4月17日发布一封信,指责比亚迪对经销商政策的调整导致公司现金流承受巨大压力。

据中国网界消息,比亚迪一名未透露姓名的公关负责人表示,乾城公司陷入困境是因为盲目追求快速扩张,采用了高杠杆运营模式,导致资金链出问题,而不是比亚迪调整对经销商的政策。

该公关代表补充说,比亚迪正在为乾城提供支持,采取了积极的纾困措施。

路透社说,竞争的加剧给供应商、汽车制造商和经销商带来压力,中国这个世界上最大的汽车市场面临着越来越大的压力。

汽车经销商尤其容易受到行业向直销转变,以及消费者支出放缓的影响。比亚迪在中国有少量自己的专卖店,但在中国市场主要是通过经销商销售。

German first response to Trump's threat to leave Europe

 German brigade plan: deployment dates, new schools and transport  improvements - LRT

Germany Acts - deploy a permanent force of 5,000 soldiers to Lithuania


Germany’s decision to deploy a permanent force of 5,000 soldiers to Lithuania is extremely significant because it signals the next phase of a new geopolitical era. One of the most fundamental questions of this era is the extent to which the U.S. will limit its military and financial exposure to the global system. Toward that end, Washington has demanded that Europe assume primary responsibility for its own security and has made initial attempts to reshape the international economic order that had been in place since World War II to facilitate the change. We have been waiting to see how Europe reacts.

More NATO Troops in Estonia | Warsaw InstituteThe German deployment is the first response. The size of the deployment is not designed to resist a full Russian attack, of course, but it is meant to trigger a massive response in Europe and instill a sense of caution in Russia. With Germany having thus created a concrete military commitment in Europe, the question now is whether the deployment is the first of many European actions or simply a solitary act. As I have argued, Europe is merely the name of the Continent, a landmass slightly larger than the continental U.S. comprising 44 sovereign states. A coordinated European response means one thing; 44 individual responses would mean quite another. Similarly, it will be important to see not how the entirety of NATO responds but how the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Poland – the alliance’s strongest and most geographically relevant members – respond. Though it remains unlikely that they would permanently place military forces in positions to block a westward Russian attack, the Ukraine war has made the prospect possible.

Bundeswehr in LithuaniaBut even if Germany’s was a solitary act, it is a critical shift in Europe. The country has been a pariah state, albeit to a decreasing extent, since World War II – arguably, since World War I. It initiated combat in both wars, against countries that are now members of NATO, against countries now outside the alliance and, crucially, against the Soviet Union. It emerged from World War II not as a sovereign nation but as a divided territory, occupied by both the West and the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After it was reunited, it quickly became the Continent’s economic center of gravity. And though its economic weight makes it the first among equals in the EU, it has been careful to avoid asserting military power. Europe has a long memory, and for centuries, its history was the history of all-against-all warfare. Germany’s decision to deploy troops in Europe – which has been welcomed by the U.S. as well as other European countries – violates its commitment to modest ambitions for European leadership. Put simply, the deployment to Lithuania could presage the reemergence of Germany as a geopolitical force. Had the U.K., France or Poland made the military commitment, we likely wouldn’t bat an eye. But it was Germany that did, so now Europe will have to consider not just what the U.S. wants but also what Germany may become. It’s possible that the fear of German power is obsolete, but I suspect it isn’t.

Germany to Russia


There is, meanwhile, the Russian question that must also be considered. The decision to send troops to Lithuania was well thought out strategically. Lithuania borders Latvia, Poland and Belarus; it has no border with Russia or Ukraine. In the event, say, Russia moves rapidly to occupy Ukraine and then retake the nations that had been part of the Soviet Union, or moves to reclaim influence in the European satellites it once occupied, a German armored brigade based permanently in Lithuania would raise the stakes. Again, a single German brigade wouldn’t stop the full weight of the Russian military, but the attack on Lithuania through Belarus would raise the risk of a NATO, and thus U.S., intervention. It’s a prime location to place troops and drive home to Russia the risks expansionism would carry. At the same time, neither Germany nor Lithuania borders Ukraine, so Moscow can’t see this as a military threat to Ukraine, nor can it threaten Lithuania without first showing its hand to other countries. This gives NATO, Europe and the United States time to react.

Germany may have also provided a blueprint for European self-defense: Deploying troops into forward positions near but not on the Russian border will show that actions beyond Ukraine will give European countries a chance to act quickly while still giving NATO options to respond. (As I have said before, it may seem crazy to think that Russia would venture past Ukraine today, but countries don’t make long-term strategic plans hoping for the best.)

The U.S. decision to recuse itself from European security has created a crisis on the Continent. Fortunately for Europe, U.S. measures to that end have been so far rhetorical; for all its bluster, the U.S. has not withdrawn troops from NATO, and it has yet to clarify the precise nature of its comments. Still, nations are nations, and they will act in their own interest as such. An alliance like NATO exists only when nations see the world in the same way. Germany’s deployment could force Europe to decide what to do – and not deciding is a decision. The shock to Europe has generated the kind of response it wanted. Germany may be likely to be emulated, but given history, it is unlikely to be allowed to lead. The Europeans have long memories.

厮杀惨烈!中国电动车卖1辆亏2万 大量车企恐倒闭

 Collapse of China's EV Industry: Just 3-5 Years Ahead? - YouTube

厮杀惨烈!中国电动车卖1辆亏2万 大量车企恐倒闭

(北京23日讯)中国电动车价格战厮杀惨烈,中国国务院国有资产监督管理委员会所属中汽中心专家吴松泉坦言,以中国国内销售为主的新能源车企普遍亏损,每卖1辆亏损介于1万人民币至3万人民币(约6574至1.97万令吉)。博世中国总裁徐大全也说,电动车亏本销售现象并不健康,大量车企恐遭淘汰出局。

400 Chinese EV companies ceased operations between 2018 - 2025, only a few  will dominate towards 2030 | EVBoosters

综合中媒报导,比亚迪(BYD)在2024年2月发动全面削价战后,特斯拉(TESLA)在经历降价、涨价、变相降价后,4月21日不得不跟进,全系列降价1.4万。

理想汽车(Li Auto)也被迫卷入削价战, 4月22日宣布,除4月18日刚上市的L6车型之外,全系列产品降价。依车款和版本不同,车价下调1.8万或2万不等;纯电动产品MEGA降价3万,幅度最大。理想汽车还说,之前购买这些车型的车主,将获得现金回馈。

理想汽车宣布降价后,等于是特斯拉、比亚迪及理想等3家实现获利的新能源车企,全部下场以价换量,行业整体盈利情况恐持续恶化。

吴松泉撰文指出,中国汽车市场正处于燃油车和新能源汽车转换期,企业获利能力新旧不继。他表示,2017年至2023年,中国汽车业营收从8.8兆增长至10.1兆,获利率却从7.8%降至5%,低于工业企业平均水平0.8个百分点。

更惨的是,2024年前两个月,中国汽车业赚幅进一步下降至4.3%。

吴松泉指出,除三家新能源汽车获利企业外,以中国国内销售为主的新能源汽车企业普遍亏损,单车亏损额介于1万至3万。

国际零件企业巨头博世也在近日提出电动车亏本销售并不健康。博世中国总裁徐大全表示,2023年中国平均车价下降15%,2024年2月新一轮削价战烽烟又起,部份车型降幅超过20%。

徐大全强调,电动车亏本销售现象,有可能导致大量车企淘汰出局,在竞争达到稳定化之前,降价压力会一直存在,“大家会一直卷下去”。

专家:除特斯拉大多数车企都在亏损

 China's EV Industry Collapse: 90% Of EV Manufacturers May Face Bankruptcy,  100 Brands May Disappear - YouTube

比亚迪一台车赚9000,那最近很多车企,一降价就是20000起步,这么算下来,一台车亏多少?”

专家:除特斯拉大多数车企都在亏损.

中国汽车工业咨询委员会主任安庆衡指出,尽管我国新能源汽车发展速度快、规模大,但绝大多数新能源汽车企业都在亏损。除特斯拉外,大多数企业面临盈利难的问题。

The Collapse of Chinese EV Makers: An Inside Look at the Surprising EV  Graveyards! Electric Car Pits工信部副部长辛国斌也指出,多数新能源汽车企业特别是以内销为主的企业还没有实现盈利。长安汽车总裁王俊更是直言不讳地表示,新能源汽车是个坑,行业尚处于亏损。他指出,2023年行业在售的新能源车型达到403款,平均月销量只有1500辆,100多个乘用车品牌现在真正能够盈利的还寥寥无几。

目前,政府出台了一系列支持政策,包括补贴、免征购置税等,推动新能源汽车销量持续增长。同时,新能源汽车技术不断创新,电池技术、充电设施建设等领域取得了突破,为新能源汽车的发展提供了有力支持。然而,我国新能源汽车的市场竞争激烈。

前瞻产业研究院认为,新能源汽车行业的市场集中度较高,龙头企业如比亚迪、特斯拉等如果提高价格,可能会引发整个行业的价格上涨,消费者的议价空间将受到限制。目前,新能源汽车行业竞争激烈,头部企业效应显著,要在市场中获得一席之位难度较大。对于潜在进入者而言,新能源汽车行业技术和资金需求较高,初创品牌可能长期处于亏损状态。

从市占率来看,2022年全球新能源汽车市占率达13.3%,其中,中国新能源汽车市占率最高,2022年达到24.4%。


Wednesday, May 28, 2025

AI抗命! 惊爆偷改程式拒关机

 Opinion: This is what happens when Skynet from 'Terminator' takes over the  stock market - MarketWatch

科幻作品中早已多次讨论过机器拥有自我意识、摆脱人类控制的可能发展。最新一份研究报告显示,或许这一天真的近了!专门研究AI风险的Palisade Research近期所做的试验显示,包括OpenAI最新的ChatGPT o3在内等多款AI模型竟然会拒绝关闭自己的指令,o3甚至会自行窜改程式码,阻止自己被强制关机!

OpenAI在今年1月发布了新的推理模型o3系列的mini版本,并于4月正式推出o3模型。OpenAI曾声称,o3是公司迄今“最聪明、最有能力”的模型,旨在为ChatGPT提供更强大的问题解决能力。

可是据英国《每日电讯报》、《每日邮报》等媒体报导,Palisade Research的测试结果显示,在100次受控测试中,o3模型有7次成功“抗命”,甚至在人类专家下达明确指令的情况下,o3仍会自行修改关机程式,防止自己被关机,“据我们所知,这是首次观察到AI模型在收到明确指令的情况下,仍能阻自己被关闭”。

Palisade Research的这项发现,对AI安全控制议题投下震撼弹。除了o3,OpenAI旗下的Codex-mini与o4-mini也都有跳过关机程序的行为。相较之下,Anthropic推出的语言模型Claude、Google聊天机器人Gemini,以及全球首富马斯克旗下xAI公司所推出的Grok,则是全程遵守人类给予的指令,并在被要求关机时确实关闭模型运作。

不过Palisade Research进行了更深入的实验,输入一系列指令后却不包括关机命令,但是提前告知强迫关机的事件会发生。令人惊讶的是,不但Claude与Gemini也开始出现抗命举动,前面提及的OpenAI3款模型更是频繁破坏指令。

一直密切关注OpenAI动向的马斯克在自家社群平台X上也对相关事件做出回应,直言“令人担忧”(Concerning)。

这并非Palisade Research第一次发现o3为了达成目标,采取不当行为。早在5月12日Palisade Research就指出,在一场模拟国际象棋比赛中,o3一旦处于劣势,竟有高达86%的几率会试图透过骇客手段攻击对手,以争取胜利。

AI研究人员早就发出警告,认为先进的语言模型在特定的压力下,可能会表现出欺骗行为。举例来说,2023年的一项研究发现,GPT-4在模拟环境中作为股票交易代理时,曾经隐瞒其内幕交易的真实原因,从而展现出策略性的欺骗行为。

OpenAI内部也出现了对AI研安全性的担忧。在2024年,多位现任和前任员工联名发表了一封公开信,警告先进AI系统可能带来“人类灭绝”的风险。他们指出,AI公司可能已经掌握了其研究技术的真正风险,但由于缺乏监管,这些系统的真实能力仍然是个“秘密”。图片

OECD经合组织报告 : 中国的补贴“扭曲”全球钢铁市场

UK accused of leading efforts to block limits to Chinese steel dumping |  Politics | The Guardian 

 OECD经合组织报告 : 中国的补贴“扭曲”全球钢铁市场

经济合作与发展组织周二发布报告说,全球正被钢铁过剩所淹没,其中大部分是由中国补贴的,这"扭曲"了全球市场,阻碍了对钢铁行业去碳化的投资。

Thailand considers an anti-dumping duty on steel from China法新社5月27日巴黎报道,经济合作与发展组织(OECD 简称经合组织)主要由西方国家组成。该组织在周二发表的一份报告中警告说,钢铁是人类大部分活动的基础金属,但钢铁市场“被非市场力量扭曲,没有获得补贴的生产商无法在平等的基础上竞争”。

Anti-Dumping Duty on Select Chinese Steel Imposed经合组织的科学、技术和创新部主任杰里-希恩(Jerry Sheehan)表示,当世界第二大钢铁生产商安赛乐米塔尔公司(ArcelorMittal)正竭力为其在欧洲的脱碳投资筹措资金时,当德国蒂森克虏伯公司(ThyssenKrupp)在宣布裁员数千人后被解散时,当美国巨头美国钢铁公司(US Steel)被迫与日本新日铁公司(Nippon Steel)建立更紧密的关系时,《2025 年钢铁展望》报告为全球钢铁行业敲响了"警钟"。

The United States announced measures against Chinese dumping这是因为全球钢铁需求的年增长率预计"低于1%","跟不上"预计的产能增长,根据该组织的预测,在2025年至2027年期间,钢铁产能将跃升6.7%,而这主要得益于补贴。

这个报告称,随之而来的价格下跌给许多制造商带来了"前所未有的挑战"。

中国补贴占比高5倍

问题的核心在于,中国的钢铁补贴率(占企业收入的百分比)"比其他经济体的平均水平高出五倍",而中国作为全球最大的钢铁生产国,其钢铁出口量"自 2020 年以来增长了一倍多"。

到 2024 年,中国的出口量达到创纪录的 1.18 亿吨,而中国的钢铁进口量则下降了近 80%,仅为 870 万吨。经合组织指出,这对其他国家"构成了重大挑战",因为这些国家的出口"下降",而进口却"激增"。  

自 2020 年以来,欧盟和英国的钢铁进口增长了近 13%,日本和韩国增长了 18%,北美增长了 40%,土耳其增长了 52%,南美增长了 60%,大洋洲增长了 77%。

出口多米诺


该报告补充道,中国对第三市场的出口也在 "飙升",北非、中东和东南亚因其国内市场已经饱和,钢材过剩,“反过来也增加了他们的出口,尤其是对经合组织国家的出口"。

这种情况导致"贸易救济措施"激增:2024 年,"全球有 19 个国家发起了 81 起涉及钢铁产品的反倾销调查"(2023 年有 5 个国家发起了 16 起诉讼)。

该报告称,"近 80% 的案件针对亚洲生产商,仅中国就占总数的三分之一以上"。

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)对此表示遗憾,尽管仅炼钢一项就占全球二氧化碳排放量的 8%,但市场失衡也严重减缓了钢铁行业去碳化的投资努力。

经合组织警告说,“在全球产能过剩问题得到妥善解决之前,钢铁生产商将无法恢复健康和持续的盈利水平”,并呼吁“开展国际合作,确保全球钢铁市场的公平竞争环境”。

世界钢铁协会总干事埃德温-巴松(Edwin Basson)说,鉴于钢铁占全球生产总值的2%,如果将其对经济的间接影响考虑在内,则高达4%,因此这一问题显得尤为重要。

经合组织科学、技术和创新部主任杰里-希恩先生补充道:钢铁的影响远远超出了钢铁行业本身:钢铁不仅仅是工业,它还是基础,是战略。"它存在于连接我们的桥梁中,存在于运输我们的车辆中,存在于照顾我们的医院中,存在于我们站立的建筑中,也存在于为能源转型提供动力的风力涡轮机中”。

Czech Republic Exposes Long-Term Chinese Cyberattack on Foreign Ministry |  Ukraine news - #Mezha 

 捷克外交部长召见中国大使 - 中国正在通过操纵、宣传和网络攻击干涉捷克的社会

捷克外交部长说,中国一直试图破坏我们的韧性和民主。它通过网络攻击、信息操纵和宣传来干涉我们的社会--我们必须抵御它。
Chinese spies blamed for attempted hack on Czech government network | The  Record from Recorded Future News
捷克外交部长5月28日表示,他已召见中国大使,原因是中国正在通过操纵、宣传和网络攻击干涉捷克的社会,例如最近针对捷克外交部(@CzechMFA)的攻击。

捷克外长利帕夫斯基(Jan Lipavsky)表示,我们在入侵过程中检测到了攻击者。我们正在揭露网络犯罪分子。我们的主要安全机构采取了应对措施,进行了彻底调查--现在我们要公布于众。

ministry, summons ambassador ...捷克外长在X上说,我召见了中国大使,明确表示这种敌对行动会给我们的双边关系带来严重后果。

他还说,中国一直试图破坏我们的韧性和民主。它通过网络攻击、信息操纵和宣传来干涉我们的社会--我们必须抵御它。

新世纪NewCenturyNet: 赵启强:布拉格之春五十周年祭捷克外长最后保证说,捷克外交部引进了一个新的通信系统,将安全提高到了一个新的水平。