本台法广(RFI)法文网«原材»专栏(Chronique
des Matières
Premières)上的这篇报道指出,瑞士针对苏丹黄金贸易的禁令意义重大,因为瑞士是全球主要的黄金贸易中心。从官方层面看,瑞士并不从苏丹进口黄金,但实际上存在大量的间接进口:
按价值计算,瑞士去年进口的黄金有五分之一(相当于有420吨)来自阿拉伯联合酋长国(les
Émirats)。当地被称为苏丹黄金的中转枢纽。这些苏丹黄金通过邻国,经长途跋涉之后抵达那里。非政府组织[瑞士援助会](SWISSAID)的一名专业人员介绍说,属于快速支援部队(SRF-Forces
de soutien rapide)的黄金经由乍得(Tchad)、利比亚(la Libye)、中非共和国(la Centrafrique)、南苏丹(le Soudan du Sud)和乌干达(l'Ouganda)出口,而由苏丹武装部队(SAF-Forces armées soudanaises)控制的黄金则经由埃及(l’Egypte)运出。这些黄金之后在阿伯联合酋长国(les Émirats)精炼,最终以阿联酋((les Émirats)为原产地的名义出口至世界各地。这才是苏丹黄金进入瑞士的途径。
-- 瑞士禁令的具体实施细节尚不明确 --
瑞士的这项新禁令目前面临的主要挑战在于执行。此前,瑞士进口商仅受到《贵金属管制法》(la
loi sur le contrôle des métaux
précieux)的约束,该法规并不要求追溯矿石的原产矿山。这项新禁令意味着,有关部门将设法追溯供应链源头,以确保从阿联酋进口的黄金并非产自苏丹。但具体如何操作?目前尚不清楚。
同一法文报道说,为满足于2026年开始生效的[伦敦金银市场协会](LBMA-London Bullion Market Association)新认证要求而必须记录的进口情况,瑞士一家精炼厂在今年承认从阿联酋(les Émirats)购买黄金。而在其阿联酋的供应商中,至少有一家的货源是在苏丹。[瑞士援助会](SWISSAID)的一位专家表示:“这足以成为对该公司进行审查的理由。”(C'est assez pour justifier des contrôles sur cette société )
-- 阿拉伯联合酋长国的管控措施不足 --
RFI报道最后提到,阿联酋(les Émirats)于2023年对黄金实施新规 (Due
Diligence Regulation for Responsible Sourcing of
Gold),但这些措施未能消除外界疑虑。尽管迪拜的精炼厂在过去三年里一直在此框架下接受审计,但海关管控力度并未随之跟上。与此同时,阿联酋(les
Émirats)不仅从非洲的苏丹,也从刚果民主共和国(RD Congo), 乃至俄罗斯(la Ruissie)等处于冲突之中的其它国家进口黄金。
An ex-business owner who turned private trader applying technical analysis to trade major FX pairs and indies, commodities and KL futures. He used to write a weekly column in a Chinese daily on local futures markets. A self confessed stern supporter of the Far Right and nothing apologetically about it.
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