对中国经济更悲观 近半日企减少或停止投资

 
对中国经济更悲观 近半日企减少或停止投资


（北京21日讯）在华日本企业对中国经济更加悲观，约三分之二的日企表示，中国经济形势正在恶化，近一半企业缩减或停止对华投资。

彭博报道，据中国日本商会最新调查显示，约64%的日本企业表示中国经济形势比去年更糟。

这一比例高于上一次调查的60%；与此同时，安全问题和最近深圳一名日本学生被刺身亡的事件，使改善中日外交关係的努力面临压力。

这项调查是在10月下半月进行的，共有1,513家公司参与。其中44%的日企表示，他们计划今年减少对华投资或根本不投资，与上次调查相比变化不大。

虽然中国仍是日本最大的贸易伙伴，但由于地缘政治紧张局势加剧、双边关係恶化，以及来自中国企业的激烈竞争，许多企业纷纷撤出中国。

超过40%的日本公司表示对在中国经营环境不满意，一些公司表示，他们担心员工和家人的安全，中国拒绝恢复对日本公民的免签旅行，以及对海鲜进口禁令也是他们希望解决的问题。

与此同时，尽管北京为缓解经济困境，自9月底以来公布刺激措施，但外国投资仍在继续下降。

中国国家外汇管理局8日公布的数据显示，第3季国际收支平衡表中的直接投资负债减少81亿美元，这项衡量外商直接投资（FDI）的指标今年前9个月已经降近130亿美元。

今年已关闭业务的公司，包括日产汽车和柯尼卡美能达等。日本製铁7月也表示，将退出在中国的一家合资企业。

日本经济新闻10月5日报道，今年第2季日企在中国及香港的设备投资，以美元计算，年减16%。据经济产业省统计，截至第2季，日企在华法人的销售额也连续7个季度低于上年同期水准。

在经济持续疲软压力下，北京似乎想缓解中日紧张局势。9月中日达成协议，为解除对日本海鲜进口禁令铺平道路。但日本北海道渔业公司仍对北京恢复进口的速度持怀疑态度。他们计划继续拓展多元化市场，进军美国、东南亚等其它地区市场。

Five Eyes intelligence group to meet in Japan for 1st time

 

 Five Eyes intelligence group to meet in Japan for 1st time

TOKYO -- The Five Eyes intelligence-sharing framework of the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada and New Zealand, is meeting in Japan for the first time on Wednesday. Holding this secretive gathering in the unusual setting of a nonmember country reflects Japan's growing importance as an intelligence-collecting base in the Indo-Pacific region.
 
Some countries are establishing an intelligence presence in Japan as China is tightening control on information and keeping a close eye on spies. Gaining an understanding of North Korea is becoming critical as well, as Pyongyang deepens cooperation with Russia. Under these circumstances, some countries are placing intelligence bases in Japan.
 
This summer, Canada created a new position in its embassy in Japan with jurisdiction over the entire Indo-Pacific region.
 

The Secret Story of the Knights Templar

 
The Secret Story of the Knights Templar

https://youtu.be/_gdg6xc3500

The Knights Templar, a medieval military order founded in the Holy Land in 1118, rose to prominence during the Crusades. These religious wars were launched by Western European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. The Templars, with their distinctive red crosses and white mantles, were initially tasked with protecting Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. However, they soon evolved into a formidable military force, renowned for their discipline, courage, and strategic brilliance.

The Templars' rapid ascent to power and wealth was fueled by their military prowess and their ability to attract wealthy patrons. They established a vast network of fortifications and commanderies across Europe, which served as both military outposts and financial centers. The order's wealth and influence grew exponentially, making them a target of envy and suspicion.

In the 14th century, the Templars began to face increasing scrutiny and accusations of heresy. King Philip IV of France, seeking to seize the order's wealth, orchestrated a series of attacks against the Templars. In 1307, French authorities arrested thousands of Templars, subjecting them to torture and interrogation. Many were coerced into confessing to a range of crimes, including heresy, idolatry, and sodomy.

The Pope eventually dissolved the order in 1312, and the Templars' assets were confiscated. The Templars' legacy, however, endured. Their story has been the subject of countless books, movies, and theories, often shrouded in mystery and intrigue. Some believe that the Templars possessed secret knowledge, such as the location of the Holy Grail or the Ark of the Covenant. Others suggest that the order survived in secret, evolving into various secret societies.

While the truth about the Templars' ultimate fate remains elusive, their impact on history is undeniable. They were a powerful force during the Crusades, and their innovative financial practices helped shape the modern banking system. Their story continues to captivate and inspire, reminding us of the enduring allure of the unknown.

Vaccine Denial: Failure Mode Analysis

  Vaccine Denial: Failure Mode Analysis

The surprising history of how medical science's greatest success has become vilified by so many people.      
 

Brian Dunning

Vaccine Denial: Failure Mode Analysis

They are considered the greatest single advancement in the history of medicine, responsible for saving more lives than all other public health measures combined. And yet, stunningly, vaccines are also the victim of the most successful misinformation campaigns and conspiracy theories in modern history, resulting in countless preventable deaths. Vaccine denial is rampant, and has been since the very beginning. Today we're going to look at the history of vaccine denial, when and how it began, why it persists today — and perhaps most importantly, how we can realistically hope to help move deniers toward acceptance of this crucial protection.

The history of vaccination is most closely tied to the history of smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases to ever ravage the human species. As early as the 10th century, Chinese had discovered that grinding up month-old smallpox scabs and administering the powder nasally would produce a mild case of the disease, but the person would always recover and would then be immune. This was called variolation, and variations on the procedure spread through Europe for centuries, with much good success. It was Englishman Edward Jenner who, in 1796, developed the first safe and effective smallpox vaccine using cowpox. He coined the term vaccination, as vacca is the latin for cow.

As use of the vaccine spread rapidly, its development was seen as a matter of national pride. However, anti-vaccine sentiment arose almost immediately. There were religious objections because, coming from an animal, the vaccine was considered "unclean". There were objections based on disagreement over the cause of smallpox. But most significantly, as mandatory vaccination acts began to appear throughout Europe, many protested vaccinations on the grounds that it was a violation of their personal liberty. Throughout the 1800s, anti-vaccination leagues appeared worldwide, and in response, governments introduced both conscientious and religious exemptions to mandatory vaccination. But the battle still raged: in 1905, Jacobson v Massachusetts made it all the way to the United States Supreme Court, in which the court affirmed the right of the state to force Jacobson to be vaccinated for the greater common good.

Although it was some 80 years after Jenner's smallpox victory before the next vaccine was developed, by the end of the 20th century a staggering list of diseases had become preventable, that had killed countless millions: cholera, diphtheria, rabies, rubella, anthrax, plague, tuberculosis, polio, typhoid, yellow fever, whooping cough, measles, influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, tetanus, encephalitis, chickenpox.

These triumphs were not without cost. There were mistakes from which we had to learn the hard way. In 1948, 68 children in Kyoto died from a diphtheria vaccine that had been improperly manufactured. In 1955, just two years after Jonas Salk became a worldwide superhero for his development of the polio vaccine, 200 children were given the disease by a batch of the vaccine containing the wrong version of the virus, and five of them died. Despite being overshadowed by the countless lives saved, these disasters continued to stoke skepticism and fear of vaccines.

During the Red Scare in the United States that followed World War II, many Americans were suspicious of large public health initiatives because they smelled a little bit like socialism. Such initiatives included mandatory vaccination and water fluoridation — a fear lampooned in the movie Dr. Strangelove. This gave yet another boost to vaccine denial based on fear of government overreach and loss of personal choice.

But it was Andrew Wakefield's infamous 1998 paper that found "gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children" caused by the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. The paper was soon retracted, but not before a credulous media gave it massive attention, and provided vaccine deniers all they'd ever need to claim vaccines are unacceptably dangerous. It was soon also revealed that Wakefield had fabricated the entire study, and that his motivation had been to further the interests of his own single-disease vaccines that he was developing. By this we know that Wakefield is, even today, consciously deceptive in his promotion of opposition to vaccines. He was rightly stripped of his medical license, but has since made tens of millions of dollars writing books, making media appearances, and collecting speaking fees to trumpet the dangers of vaccines.

His activism has been a powerful driver of vaccine denial's sweep of trending pop culture. For much of the past 20 years, it has become — almost incredibly — a fashion statement. One reason that Hollywood celebrities proudly show off things like circular hickeys on their back from cupping is that all things holistic are trendy. It's the basic manifestation of the modern Western Esotericism movement: shun the modern, the technological, the scientific, and embrace the natural, the holistic, the metaphysical. A loud-and-proud virtue-signaling statement like cupping bruises is the same as being seen shopping at Whole Foods. Vaccine denial slots into this movement very neatly, so it's now not uncommon for celebrities to boast of their holistics-based rejection of vaccines.

This was not lost on Oprah Winfrey. Beginning in 2007, Oprah made her ultra-popular TV show into a platform for celebrity anti-vaccine activist Jenny McCarthy — just as Winfrey had been doing for the past three years for that other famous opponent of science based medicine, Dr. Oz. It was this partnership of Winfrey and McCarthy that propelled Andrew Wakefield to superstar status — where he has remained ever since, now a movie producer and reportedly dating supermodel Elle Macpherson.

Vaccine denial has become so mainstream that one of the first actions taken by Donald Trump during his 2017 presidential transition was to meet with noted anti-vaccine activist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for the purpose of establishing a task force to promote Kennedy's agenda — which, thankfully, seems to have never materialized.

All this brings us to the most important part of our discussion: How to help vaccine deniers move away from denial. It's a problem that's similar to the persuasion of global warming deniers or 9/11 Truthers, both of which are also positions that are blatantly disdainful of easily verified facts. Our positions on polarizing matters like these are based on our value systems, not on objective analysis of data. So to reach someone with an argument they're likely to embrace, we must base that argument upon the values they hold, not upon data they've already rejected. This is a branch of sociology called moral foundations theory, and it seeks to explain how and why good, smart people cling to opinions and beliefs that may differ wildly from one person to another.

Let's illustrate this with a familiar example. Values held by many global warming deniers are patriotism and economic strength. Thus, arguments in favor of global warming with a chance of being accepted include that it's a patriotic imperative for the nation to become a world leader in next-generation renewable energy, and that renewables are a fast-growing and highly profitable economic sector; while 19th-century industries like coal are rightly gasping their dying breaths. Whereas, if you were to approach a global warming denier with climate data or moral imperatives, you'd be laughed out of the room.

A 2017 study published in the Nature journal Human Behavior studied this question from the perspective of the values held by vaccine deniers. As you can probably guess from our discussion so far, this study found that there are two basic values upon which vaccine denial is grounded: first, the value of purity, a sort of holistic idea in which vaccines are a dangerous pharmaceutical drug which poisons the body; and second, the value of liberty, in which the government shouldn't mandate how we raise our children or what to put into their bodies.

Although we often hear the anti-vaccine arguments that Wakefield promoted — such as autism risk, vaccine injury, poisonous and frightening ingredients in the vaccines, and claims that they are untested — it turns out these are rationalizations, and not the fundamental values underlying the denial. Most of the pro-vaccine rhetoric out there has been targeted at these claims, and it has failed to persuade. The reason is that it's the wrong argument, and engages a subject the denier doesn't actually care about all that much. They don't truly know or care about the actual rates of vaccine injury; it's just a rationalization they use to justify their denial, which is actually based on the underlying values of purity and liberty.

If it seems improbable to you that the stated concerns of vaccine deniers are not the ones they truly care most about, here is some more interesting evidence in support of this. A number of papers have been published in recent years with the finding that opposition to vaccines correlates with less knowledge about them. The louder an anti-vaccine protester shouts, the more likely it is that he has a minimal knowledge level. A 2018 paper in Social Science & Medicine found that this could largely be attributed to Dunning-Kruger effects, meaning that their own low knowledge level was sufficient to them, and they were unaware or didn't care that other people might know more. The authors argued that policy for dealing with anti-vaccine sentiment should be guided by this fact, and that fact-based arguments were unlikely to be effective.

If you want to be persuasive, formulate an argument based upon the values the person embraces that form the true core of their opposition to vaccines. We need pro-vaccine arguments based on the body's purity, and based upon liberty. Fortunately, these arguments are both relatively easy to construct, and they're good ones.
Pro-Vaccine Argument #1: Purity

    Vaccination prepares a body to combat a disease agent using nothing more than its own natural immune system. Should such a child be exposed to a disease, they will be naturally protected drug-free, and will not risk contracting the disease and needing to be treated with pharmaceutical chemicals.

Pro-Vaccine Argument #2: Liberty

    Vaccination is an emphatic act of protecting one's own health, and eliminating potential reliance upon a flawed and corrupt healthcare system. No bureaucracy can protect you as well as your own maximally-prepared immune system.

I don't claim that these outlines are ideally framed or presented, but they do convey the general idea. If we take the example of a parent who is on the fence, who might be conflicted because they firmly hold the purity and liberty values but are concerned by the statistics of unvaccinated children hospitalized with a preventable disease, it's easy to see how they might warmly accept these arguments with an enormous sigh of relief. Because, in essence, it is true that vaccination is an act of protecting the body's purity, and that it does maximize your potential to maintain liberty from oppressive healthcare.

And so, one potential solution to the public health crisis triggered by vaccine denial lies not in the study of the history of such denial, but in the study of ourselves and how we think. Clearly no single solution will solve the whole problem, but employing moral foundation theory gives us at least one more tool in devising effective arguments. Little by little, skepticism and critical thinking can indeed make the world a safer and saner place.

 

芬兰：很难相信不是故意的！中国船破坏波罗的海电缆 

约两个月前，爱沙尼亚、芬兰和瑞典之间的一条天然气管道和两条电信电缆发生受损事故。芬兰警方表示一艘在香港注册的货柜船是重点调查对象。芬兰欧洲事务部长向《 Politico》杂志表示，很难相信对海底天然气管道的破坏是个意外。

今年10月，在爱沙尼亚、芬兰和瑞典之间的一条天然气管道和两条电信电缆发生受损事故，在调查事故原因期间，芬兰欧洲事务部长阿德勒克罗伊茨(Anders Adlercreutz) 表示，很难相信对海底天然气管道的破坏是个意外，或者说在中国当局不知情的情况下发生。 

阿德勒克罗伊茨接受了杂志《 Politico》的采访，他还表示：“我不是船长。但我认为，你会注意到船身拖着一个锚开了几百公里……我觉得，一切迹象都表明这是故意的。不过，当然，到目前为止没有人承认。”  

 爱沙尼亚和芬兰一直在调查波罗的海管道和电缆受损事件。上个月，爱沙尼亚检察官曾表示，在香港注册的“新新北极熊号”（Newnew Polar Bear）货柜船是他们调查上个月两条海底电信电缆受损情况的重点调查对象，因为该船在10月7日至8日的动向与受损时间和地点相符。 

路透社报道称，根据船舶追踪和海事分析网站“海上交通”（Marine Traffic）的数据，在损坏发生时，“新新北极熊号”和悬挂俄罗斯国旗的“Sevmorput号”都曾出现在电缆和管道附近。中国官方曾表示，愿意根据国际法就该事件提供必要资讯；俄罗斯则将其参与此事的怀疑斥为“胡扯”。而“新新北极熊号”的所有者兼运营商“新新海运”先前在路透社联系时则拒绝置评。 

《 Politico》报道，“新新北极熊号” 被认为曾拖着锚穿越波罗的海海底，切断了电缆和天然气管道。这个重达6000公斤的锚在损坏地点附近仅仅几米处被找到。 

路透社报道，芬兰警方11月表示，有证据表明这个锚可能属于“新新北极熊号”，他们还在芬兰和爱沙尼亚之间受损的天然气管道上发现了该锚的油漆。 

中国对阵日本又输球 球迷嘘日本国歌还用激光电筒晃对方眼

 

 中国对阵日本又输球 球迷嘘日本国歌还用激光电筒晃对方眼

昨天（19日），2026世界杯亚洲区预选赛中国队主场迎战日本队，国足以1:3的成绩败阵。在比赛前的奏唱国歌仪式，现场近6万名中国球迷一起对日本国歌发出嘘声，更有球迷被指用激光笔照射日本球员眼睛，引起巨大争议。

据星岛日报今天报道称，中国6万国足球迷大嘘日本国歌，并疑用激光笔射眼惹议。

日本队主教练森保一赛后表示，球迷应尊重选手在公平规则的基础上对决，希望不要发出嘘声，更不要做激光笔射眼等过分的行为。

据中国内地媒体消息，赛前按照惯例举行奏唱国歌仪式，首先响起日本国歌《君之代》。然而，整个球场彻底被漫天的嘘声淹没。有部分日本球员保持沉默，亦有的跟着唱国歌，表情严肃。

日本媒体“FOOTBALL ZONE”报道，“中国球迷发出了震耳欲聋的嘘声，这瞬间让现场敌对气氛变得强烈。而当日本国歌演奏结束后，现场再次爆发嘘声，渲染出强烈的主场压逼感”。当中国国歌《义勇军进行曲》响起的时候，全场球迷则一起高歌，整个球场都沉浸在激昂的情绪中。据悉，现场有近6万名球迷，但其中日本球迷人数极少。

“FOOTBALL ZONE”又指，在比赛期间，现场球迷使用激光笔干扰日方球员。上半场17分钟，场内出现激光笔的绿光，日方门将铃木彩艳的脸上也被激光笔照射。此外，上半场33分钟，有球迷闯入场内脱衣狂奔，露出“生如蝼蚁，鸿鹄之志”字样，与保安展开追逐，比赛一度需要暂停。

据日本队主教练森保一称，从互相尊重的意义上来说，对方唱国歌的时候，希望不要发出嘘声。而激光如果碰到眼睛的话，有机会损害健康，希望不要做这种过分的事情。

足球资讯网站“德国转会市场”（transfermarkt）管理员朱艺曾提醒，嘘对手国歌是违规行为，会被处罚。以往亚洲足球联盟已经处罚过多宗类似事件，例如，9月10日，日本客场与巴林（Bahrain）的比赛中，巴林球迷因为用激光笔照射日本球员，巴林足协被FIFA罚款1万瑞士法郎。

美国会报告首次建议：取消中共永久正常贸易关系地位

美国会报告首次建议：取消中共永久正常贸易关系地位 

美中经济与安全审查委员会(USCC)星期二(11月19日)向国会递交了其2024年度报告，提出了一系列有可能彻底改变美中经济与技术竞争格局的政策建议，包括首次建议取消中国的永久正常贸易关系(PNTR)，以及启动类似“曼哈顿计划”的人工智能(AI)研发项目。

　　取消PNTR地位：重审美中贸易基石

　　USCC首次明确建议国会取消中国自2001年加入世界贸易组织(WTO)以来享有的PNTR地位。这一政策长期以来都被视为美中贸易关系的基石，但委员会认为中国未能兑现其开放市场和公平竞争的承诺，通过市场准入限制、知识产权盗窃、国家补贴、经济胁迫等行为破坏国际贸易体系。

　　“几十年来，我们采取了‘打地鼠式’的政策，通过国际组织和规则框架，试图应对中国日益增加且愈发大胆的规避法律或利用贸易漏洞的行为。”《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)引述委员会主席罗宾·克利夫兰(Robin Cleveland)的话报道说。

　　“我们政府的更迭不应让中国有任何可乘之机，也不应让人对这样一个共识产生任何怀疑：中国是我们这个时代最重大的经济威胁。”

　　如果国会采纳该建议，中国商品将面临显著升高的关税，其贸易地位也将降至与朝鲜、古巴和俄罗斯等国家相同的水平，美国国会也将重启对中国贸易行为的年度审查。

　　就在上周，众议院美国与中国共产党战略竞争特设委员会(简称“中共问题特设委员会”)提议对中国的贸易地位进行重新谈判。该委员会主席、密歇根州共和党众议员约翰·穆伦纳尔(John Moolenaar)在11月14日提出一项废除中国PNTR地位的议案。根据议案，一旦这一贸易地位被废除，中国商品将被征收35%的基准关税，且有可能将这一税率提高至100%。

　　当选总统唐纳德·川普(Donald Trump)在竞选期间就已经承诺将对中国商品的关税提高至60%。

　　AI“曼哈顿计划”，竞速开发通用人工智能(AGI)

　　报告建议国会启动一个“类似曼哈顿计划”的倡议，为抢先开发出通用人工智能(AGI)提供资金，使美国成为人工智能领域的超级强国，以应对与中国在尖端技术领域日益激烈的竞争。

　　AGI指的是与人类一样智能或比人类更加智能的AI系统，“其表现将胜过最敏锐的人类智慧在每一项任务中的表现。”报告说。

　　根据亚马逊云科技(AWS)的解释，AGI“是一个人工智能理论研究领域，研究如何开发具有类人智能和自学能力的软件。其目标是让软件能够执行训练或开发目的之外的任务。”

　　“当前的AI技术均依靠一组预先确定的参数运行…作为一项理论研究，AGI旨在开发具有自主自我控制、合理的自我理解以及新技能学习能力的人工智能系统…具有人类能力的AGI仍然只是理论概念和研究目标。”

　　人工智能被视为21世纪全球竞争的关键技术领域。美国目前在AI技术上总体领先，但中国通过政府主导的巨额投资、庞大的数据资源和军民融合政策正迅速缩小差距，甚至在某些特定领域领先美国。

　　“中国正在AI能力方面取得快速进展，并进行引人注目的投资。中国开发AI不仅是为了更广泛地推动其经济增长，还包括军事用途，例如自主无人系统、数据处理、决策支持以及认知战领域的应用。”报告中说。

　　报告强调，推动AGI的发展需要公共和私营部门间的合作，但报告中未提供任何具体的投资策略。

　　“曼哈顿计划”是二战期间美国政府与私营部门之间的大规模合作项目，最终促成了原子弹研制成功。

　　“历史告诉我们，那些能够率先利用技术快速变革时期的国家，往往能够对全球力量平衡造成重大影响，”USCC委员会成员、帕兰提尔技术公司(Palantir)首席执行官高级顾问雅各布·赫尔伯格(Jacob Helberg)对路透社(Reuters)表示，“中国正在全力冲刺AGI……我们必须非常认真对待这一威胁。”

　　赫尔伯格对《华盛顿邮报》表示，AGI将带来军事能力上“完全的体系性转变”。

　　委员会敦促国会指示五角大楼为AI开发项目赋予“DX评级”地位，使其在资金和资源分配上享有最高优先级。

　　“DX评级”(Defense Priorities and Allocations System DX Rating)是美国国防部的一种优先级分类，用于确保关键国防项目在资源分配和供应链中享有最高优先权，通常适用于对国家安全至关重要的项目。

 

美中经济与安全审查委员会(USCC)星期二(11月19日)向国会递交了其2024年度报告

　　其他关键政策建议

　　美中经济与安全审查委员会委员薛瑞福(Randy Shriver)星期二在该委员会提交给国会的年度报告发布会上说，自从担任国家主席和总书记以来，习近平加强了对内加强控制，对外推动出口导向型增长，这引发了全球对 “中国冲击 2.0 ”的担忧。另外，他说，中国还将资源投入到发展先进技术，以期主导未来技术，增加外部对中国的依赖，同时也减少对美国和盟国技术的依赖。在寻求提高军事能力的同时，中国扩大了投资，并在多个领域加速推进，包括半导体、人工智能、量子技术和生物技术等。

　　薛瑞福指出，正是根据这些发展，他们在很多关键政策领域提出了建议，包括如何加强信息和通信技术的出口管制、对外投资审查以及与合作伙伴的战略协调等。

　　“我们希望我们两党的努力能为我们今后的讨论提供参考，并就如何应对来自中华人民共和国和中国共产党的这一持续挑战为国会提供一些指导和建议。”他说。

　　除了上述两项广受关注的主张，报告还提出以下重要建议：

　　废除“小额豁免”政策：

　　委员会敦促国会取消对零售价值低于800美元的中国商品的关税豁免。报告指出，这项被称为“小额豁免”(de minimis)的政策为中国电商产品提供了不公平的竞争优势。除了免关税之外，小额豁免政策也让这些商品免受美国海关和边境保护局的严格检查。《华盛顿邮报》报道称，有批评人士认为这项政策也可能让包括芬太尼在内的非法物品更容易绕过海关的审查。

　　乔·拜登(Joe Biden)政府今年9月采取行动，减少了符合该免税条件的商品范围。在过去十年中，通过“小额豁免”进入美国的商品数量从每年1.4亿件激增至超过10亿件，其中大部分来自中国。拜登政府高官本月稍早透露，拜登计划在年底前发布一项关于改革“小额豁免”政策的提案。

　　收紧美中生物技术领域的合作

　　报告建议对中国在美国生物技术领域的投资与合作进行严格审查，以保护敏感技术。报告建议此类审批和监督应由美国卫生与公众服务部(HHS)在与其他相关政府机构协商后进行。

　　报告建议国会支持联邦政府在美国生物技术领域进行重大投资，并与美国实体合作，覆盖从技术开发周期的每个阶段到供应链的各个环节，包括从基础研究到产品开发和市场部署。报告指出，这些投资应包括对中间服务能力和设备制造能力的投入。

　　“中国的目标是利用生物技术降低对美国农业的依赖，同时通过基因组学、制药和其他生物技术将中国企业嵌入到美国的食品生产和供应链中，”报告称。“中国基因组学和生物技术服务公司的主要研究活动以及它们在美国市场的存在，为这些公司获取关键技术和数据提供了机会。”

　　USCC这份长达793页、包含32项建议的报告几乎涵盖美中关系的各个方面。除了经贸、科技竞争之外，报告也涉及美中之间在地缘安全、外交和人权等方面的议题。其中设专门章节讨论了台湾、香港问题和中国在中东地区日益增长的影响力。报告也提及了中国的人权问题以及中国在亚太地区日益增长的军事威胁和反介入能力。

　　美国国会在2000年10月设立了USCC，负责独立向国会议员报告美中贸易与经济关系对美国国家安全的影响。报告指出，当中的内容和建议源自过去一年间举行的6场听证会，涉及来自政府、商业和研究机构的59名专家。USCC共有12名委员，均由国会任命。